Metal titanium has many excellent titanium properties: the specific gravity of titanium is 4.5g/cm3, which is only 56% of ordinary structural steel, and the strength is equivalent to or higher than that of ordinary structural steel. Among metal structural materials, titanium has the highest specific strength.
The melting point of titanium is 1668℃, which is slightly higher than that of iron and nickel, and more than 1000℃ higher than the melting points of aluminum and magnesium. Therefore, as a light metal structural material, titanium alloy has much better thermal strength than aluminum and titanium alloy, and the use temperature is as high as 600℃.
Titanium can easily form a solid oxide film with oxygen on the surface in an oxidizing atmosphere, so it has excellent corrosion resistance in oxidizing acid, alkali, and salt media, especially in wet chlorine and seawater.
Titanium has an allotropic crystal structure, with a close-packed hexagonal lattice β phase above 885℃ and a titanium cubic lattice α phase below. Therefore, after adding different alloying elements, titanium alloys can be divided into three categories: α, β, and α+β. The allotropy of titanium enables it to obtain alloys with completely different properties and have a large heat treatment effect when adding different alloying elements.
The expansion coefficient of titanium is 8.2×10－6 /℃, which is smaller than that of general structural metals. The stress is small during rapid cooling and heating, and it is suitable for use in environments with temperature changes.
Titanium has good toughness and fatigue resistance, and its welding performance is also very good. Titanium has good low-temperature performance and does not show low-temperature brittleness at -196℃. These properties are very suitable for structural applications.
Titanium has a low thermal conductivity and is non-magnetic. Some titanium alloys also have superconducting properties, memory properties, and hydrogen storage properties.
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